Enabling Smart Mobility with Connected and Intelligent Vehicles : The E-VANET Framework

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have become a trending technology for enabling intelligent and connected vehicles in the smart mobility era. This paper presents the ideas, architectures, applications, and challenges of VANETs, as well as their influence on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), in this comprehensive study. It explores the characteristics and architecture of VANETs, including communication protocols, mobility models, and network architectures. Additionally, it analyses various communication protocols and standards, including IEEE 802.11p/WAVE and Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC). Using the fundamental traffic flow equation (Q=k⋅v), urban deployment scenarios demonstrated a 20% improvement in traffic efficiency, reducing average travel times by approximately 10 minutes during peak hours. In highway scenarios, VANET-enabled collision avoidance systems, employing the Time-to-Collision (TTC) metric (TTC= d Vr ), reduced potential crash scenarios by 30%, preventing up to 15 accidents per 1,000 vehicles. This paper discusses the role of VANETs in wise traffic management, eco-friendly transportation systems, advanced driver assistance structures (ADAS), and autonomous vehicles. Finally, it emphasizes VANETs' potential in enabling sustainable, efficient, and secure mobility, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to shape the future of transportation systems.