New insights into the contributions of playfulness to dealing with stress at work : correlates of self- and peer-rated playfulness and coping strategies

Abstract

Playfulness is an individual difference variable that enables people to experience and (re)frame situations of everyday life as interesting, entertaining, and/or stimulating. This definition is consistent with a structural model that includes four different playfulness facets: other-directed, lighthearted, intellectual, and whimsical playfulness. In the work context, playfulness has been shown to be related with various outcomes such as innovative behavior or intrinsic goals. We tested adult playfulness' associations with coping strategies employed at work and whether these coping strategies help to transfer the expected association between playfulness and employees' life satisfaction. Study 1 (N = 185; nursery school trainees) provides support for our hypothesis that playfulness is associated with more positive and less negative coping strategies when being confronted with general and work-specific stress. Study 2 (N = 355; employees from various working fields) confirms our results from study 1 by demonstrating that playfulness is related to adaptively coping with work stress. Further, study 2 shows that some playfulness facets were positively related to life satisfaction and that these associations were transferred by coping less negatively with work stress and, to some degree, also by utilizing positive control strategies. Overall, our findings indicate that adults' playfulness is of importance for coping with stress at work and to further explain employees’ life-satisfaction. Directions for future research on playfulness in the work place are discussed.