Anatomical Changes in the Tissues of Phragmites Communis Accumulated with Cadmium in the Rivers and Drains of Diyala Governorate

Abstract

The problem of pollution of water environments with heavy elements is a major environmental challenge in Iraq in general, including Diyala Governorate. Where the governorate witnessed in recent years a great pollution in rivers and homes due to industrial, agricultural and home waste that contains varying proportions of heavy elements, including cadmium, which is considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants due to its high heaven and stability in the environment, where the importance of this research arises to know the effect of cadmium accumulation on the anatomical structure of the wild cane plant (phragmites australis) The developing in rivers and homes, where five sites were studied in Diyala Governorate (Khanaqin, Baquba, Al -Khalis, Al - Al-Muqdadiya, and Balad Ruz). The results of the research indicated that there are no concentrations of cadmium in the water, while we found a clear accumulation of it in the soil, especially in the locations of the yields that recorded much higher concentrations (up to 0.15 mg/kg) compared to the river water soil. In the plant's leg, cadmium concentrations were not detected, indicating that the wilderness has an effective mechanism to stabilize the heavy elements in its roots and limit its transmission to the air parts. The anatomical changes in the tissues of the plants in the waters of the clients also showed compared to other river water. There were a decrease in the thickness of the vascular package by rates ranging between 7.44% and 34.01%, and a larger shrinkage in Qatar, the wood container, with rates of 69.35% in some locations. Because of the environmental stress resulting from the presence of cadmium.