Optimization of energy integration in caribbean

Abstract

This research examines the energy problems in Caibarién, Villa Clara, Cuba. This is a coastal area that often has power outages. The research reframes residential microgrids through a logistics-energy lens. Traditional engineering methods do not consider how energy flow works in places where people do not have access to electricity. Households are viewed as places where electricity is stored and can be managed. A Python/Pyomo optimization framework was employed to simulate 60 residential nodes across four seasons under solar integration scenarios (10 75%) with two battery adoption levels: BA (5% of prosumers) and BF (100%). The evaluation used a method called TOPSIS, which considered cost, resilience, autoconsumption, and shedding. The results show that a 75% solar energy system combined with universal battery adoption (BF scenario) performs the best. This scenario had 84.8% resilience during summer blackouts, a daily operational cost of $13.15, and only 2.76 MWh of unmet demand. This is 12% better than partial adoption in terms of reliability. It is important to note that scenarios with less than 60% integration do not guarantee summer viability with less than 75% resilience. This confirms that storage is essential in areas that are prone to blackouts. The methodology establishes a transferable framework where energy systems are handled and optimized as logistical networks, offering actionable insights for municipal planning in Cuba and similar developing regions facing infrastructure fragility