The Impact of Institutionalized Cultural Capital on Universities' Performance in International Rankings : an Analysis of QS and the World University Rankings

Abstract

The globalization of higher education has increased the importance of international university rankings as indicators of institutional competitiveness. Institutionalized cultural capital-including academic traditions, international partnerships, and highly qualified academic staff-is considered a key factor influencing universities’ positions in global rankings. However, its quantitative impact on ranking performance remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to evaluate the influence of institutionalized cultural capital on university performance in the QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings. A comparative analysis was conducted using data from 20 lead ing universities (10 European and 10 Asian) ranked within the global top 200 during 2018–2023. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to examine the relationships between cultural capital components and ranking indicators. The theoretical framework is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital adapted to the institutional context of higher education. The results demonstrate a significant positive effect of institutionalized cultural capital on ranking performance (β = 0.68, p < 0.001 for QS; β = 0.72, p < 0.001 for THE). The strongest relationship was identified between international cooperation and academic reputation (r = 0.79). European universities benefit from historically established academic networks, whereas Asian institutions strengthen their competitiveness through strategic investments in international collaboration and human resource development. The findings confirm that institutionalized cultural capital is a major determinant of success in international university rankings. Strengthening academic partnerships, institutional traditions, and staff qualifications can substantially enhance universities’ global competitiveness and long-term positioning in the international higher education landscape.