Mathematical Modeling and Analytical Solution of the Seed Drying Process Based on a Heat Accumulator

Abstract

This paper presents the mathematical modeling, analytical solution, and experimental investigation of a seed drying process based on a heat accumulator system. The study focuses on improving the energy efficiency of drying technologies while preserving the quality of agricultural products. The drying process was analyzed using the principles of coupled heat and mass transfer under the influence of external physical fields, including infrared radiation and thermal energy storage. A system of differential equ ations describing temperature distribution and moisture diffusion within the product layer was developed. Analytical solutions were obtained for both stationary and non-stationary drying regimes, allowing the prediction of time-dependent variations in moisture content and temperature. The proposed model was validated experimentally using a vacuum drying device equipped with a paraffin-based phase change material (PCM) heat accumulator. Experimental investigations demonstrated that the use of the heat accumulator stabilized the thermal regime of the drying chamber, reduced heat losses, and improved drying performance. The obtained results showed a reduction in drying duration by 12-15% and a decrease in energy consumption by 13-15% compared with conventional drying systems. In addition, the proposed technology improved product quality by ensuring uniform moisture removal and preventing overheating. The results confirm the reliability of the developed mathematical model and demonstrate the practical potential of heat-accumulator-based drying systems for energy-efficient agricultural processing applications.