Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of the Buds Rosa Damascena Bud Extracts Against Pathogens Isolated Clinically

Abstract

We present the chemical composition of the flower buds of Rosa damascena, as well as their inhibitory activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. GC-MS analysis for the Detection of bioactive compounds in Rose Damascena buds and isolation of bacteria by using the Vitek 2 system. Evaluate the antibacterial activity of water and ethanolic extracts on multidrug-resistant strains. Assess the activity of both extracts also on bacterial growth inhibition. Methods: Preparation of Extracts: The flower buds (including calyx leaves, petals, stamens, and receptacles) were ground and extracted with water (aqueous) and ethanol (ethanolic). Antibacterial Assays: Tested extracts against seven bacterial strains using agar well diffusion method: Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Acinetobacter baumannii. Concentrations tested: Aqueous (15–50 mg/mL), Ethanolic (25–100 mg/mL). Bioactive Compound Profile: Bioactive compounds were identified by GC-MS. Results: The Inhibitory Activity: Ethanolic extract: Exhibited substantial inhibition against S. aureus, Serratia, and P. aeruginosa at all tested concentrations. Aqueous extract: More effective than ethanolic extract on K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp. (15–50 mg/mL). Strains that were not responsive: Both extracts did not affect A. baumannii. Isolates of E. coli were partially resistant, where one isolate was sensitive to ethanolic extract and another to aqueous extract. Chemical Composition: GC-MS analysis shows bioactive compounds such as 2,3-Butanediol, Oxirane,2,3-dimethyl and 6-Oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one are probably responsible for different antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: Rosa damascena buds are a reservoir of effective bioactive substances and have significant antibacterial potential, especially against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, resistance seen in strains such as A. baumannii highlights the necessity for additional research to improve extraction strategies or to pair the active compounds with traditional antibiotics. The findings highlight the plant as a promising source of natural antimicrobials in the fight against antibiotic resistance.