Tyrosinase cross-linked PEG hydrogels with DAT and DATT as artificial substrates : design, structure, and functions

Abstract

Enzymes such as oxidases are sustainable tools for hydrogel synthesis, but complex competing reactions have limited the mechanistic understanding and biomedical applications of these materials. Guided by molecular docking and MM-GBSA calculations, we identified two artificial substrates, desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyltyrosine (DATT), that were experimentally more efficiently converted by mushroom tyrosinase (mTyr) than the natural substrate tyrosine. These substrates were used to synthesize hydrogels from DAT/DATT-functionalized star-shaped oligoethylene glycol (sOEG). Model reactions elucidated the chemical nature and functionality of the hydrogel netpoints. Material properties were systematically investigated depending on sOEG molecular weight (5, 10, 20 kDa), substrate type, and mTyr concentration. Functional mesh sizes and controlled release functions were investigated with fluorescent dextrans (4−500 kDa) and heparin. Cell culture studies with L929 fibroblasts and THP-1 monocytes suggested inertness of the material. These findings provide fundamental insight into mTyr-catalyzed hydrogel formation and support further exploration for in situ hydrogel synthesis.